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1. Why invest
in a Mutual Fund? Mutual Funds are a popular way to enhance
growth and reduce risk.Depending on your objectives and the amount of
risk you're willing to accept, an Investment Representative can help you
select the fund that best meets your needs.
2. What are the advantages of investing in Mutual Funds?
The principal advantages of mutual fund ownership are:
· marketability and liquidity
· professional management
· diversification
The first advantage to mutual fund ownership, guaranteed marketability,
is very important to investors. It is the ability to get out of an investment.
Here, open-end investment companies shine. By statute, the investment
company guarantees to redeem the current value of a client's investment
within seven days.
However, the investment
company has the right to demand a written request for redemptions.
The second important advantage to mutual fund ownership, professional
management, stems from the fact that the investment advisor or management
company is much more knowledgeable than the average investor. Professional
advisors work full time managing portfolio assets -a luxury few investors
can afford when investing on their own. The third advantage would
be the fund's availability to diversify much better than an individual
could.
3. What information must you receive before buying? A fund
must provide a copy of the prospectus to investors before accepting their
initial investment. Its purpose is to provide complete disclosure
of information about the fund. Information listed in the prospectus
includes the following:
The objective: This allows you to find a fund that matches
your investing objective.
Performance: This describes how the fund has performed in
the past. Since the funds may change managers or limit choices to particular
sectors of the economy, past performance does not guarantee future success.
Risk: Each fund must list the level of risk involved
in achieving its objectives.
4. How does a fund produce income for the investor?
When a fund invests in debt, the IOU usually requires interest payments
at specific times, such as semi-annually. Similarly, a fund investing
in the stock of a corporation receives whatever cash dividends that company
pays. Interest payments and dividend income by law must be passed
through to the fund's shareholders - you. You can even have that
income reinvested in more fund shares. Also, when a fund actually
sells a stock or bond that has increased in value, the fund realizes a
capital gain. Periodically, the fund will distribute such gains
to its shareholders in the form of dividend checks unless you have instructed
it to reinvest the gains.
5. How do you find out how your Mutual Fund is performing?
By contacting your investment representative at your financial
institution. Also, the value of securities a mutual fund holds is
computed every day and made publicly available. You can get that
value by looking it up in many daily newspapers. For off-shore funds,
look in The Financial Times-London. The value of a share is stated
as Net Asset Value (N.A.V.).
6. Are Mutual Funds regulated by any agency of the Government?
The main law governing mutual funds is the Investment Company Act of 1940,
as amended by the U.S. Congress over the years. The U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission (S.E.C.) is responsible for regulating mutual
funds as well as most publicly-traded securities. Off-shore mutual
funds are regulated by the laws of the country in which they are organized.
7. Are Mutual Funds insured? No. They are not bank
products. They are not insured by the FDIC. They are not obligations of
any bank. They are not guaranteed.
8. Is your principal protected? Unlike a bank deposit, the
value of your principal can rise or fall. People invest in mutual funds
because of the fact they want their principal to rise over time.
The value of a fund depends on the value of the securities it owns.
Stocks and bonds fluctuate in value and therefore so do mutual funds.
9. Can you lose principal in a Mutual Funds Investment?
Because the value of a fund fluctuates, when you sell ("redeem")
your shares, the price may be more or Less than what you paid for
it. Just as the value of your home doesn't always stay the same,
neither does the value of a mutual fund. If you sell your home soon
after you buy it, chances are greater you won't make a profit. The
same is true for mutual funds. Most real estate and mutual funds
are long-term investments.
10. Does the past success of a Mutual Fund guarantee future success?
Past performance may help you evaluate a fund, but how well it has done
in the past is no guarantee for the future. Because no one can foresee
the future, it is never possible to be certain that what has been successful
in the past will continue to be successful.
11. Is it easy to get your principal out whenever you want?
Yes. You can sell back ("redeem") your shares
on any business day. The money from the sale can be sent to you
by check or credited to a bank account through a wire transfer if you
have made those arrangements ahead of time.
12. What are the penalties charged for selling your shares in the
Mutual Funds? There are no Penalties for selling at any
time. However, if you buy shares on which sales charges are deferred,
you may have to pay some or all of the commission at the time you sell.
The prospectus will spell out conditions under which you might pay a commission.
13. Should you invest funds that you will need shortly?
Probably not. Most people want assurance Money they immediately
need will be there when they need it. Mutual funds (except for money
market funds) by their nature fluctuate in value and therefore may not
be the most comfortable place for your emergency funds.
14. Is there an advantage to investing in more than one Mutual Fund?
"Don't put all your eggs in one basket" has always been one
of the best pieces of investing advice. By putting your money into
different kinds of funds you increase the stability of your investments
and give yourself the opportunity to make more money over time.
15. How do you decide which Mutual Fund you should invest in?
Talk to your Investment Representative about your needs - why
you're making the investment in the first place. The Representative
will identify those funds that provide the best combination of return
and safety for you and what you want to accomplish with the investment.
16. What can a Mutual Fund Invest In? The exact types
of securities a fund can hold are spelled out in The fund's prospectus.
A fund is limited to those investments and those investments only.
A fund that says it will invest only in U.S. Government bonds cannot then
go off and buy something else.
17. Who decides which investments are selected for the fund?
Typically, a fund manager will have an extensive background in
investments and finance, either through years of experience, intensiveeducation,
or both. Many fund managers today are Chartered Financial Analysts
or hold some other designation representing extensive formal training
in investment analysis.
18. How many investments does a typical fund have?
A typical mutual fund will invest in 50 to 200 different securities.
The very large number of investments gives most funds much more diversification
than any individual could afford and, historically, greater diversification
has meant greater safety.
19. What type of investments are in the mutual funds?
Most funds buy stocks or some form of debt. Stocks represent
a share of ownership in a corporation. As an owner the mutual fund
(and through it, you) shares in the profits (or losses) of the corporation.
Debt is an IOU, such as a bond, that will be paid off at a stated date
in the future; the mutual fund receives interest payments and after paying
expenses, passes them along to you as dividends.
20. How do investments in stocks provide gains for the funds that
include stocks in their portfolios?
When a company's stock price rises, the increase shows up in the
value of a fund that owns the stock. If Shares in Company ABC make
up 5% of a fund's value and the price of ABC stock doubles (and everything
else stays the same), then the fund will show a 5% increase in its value.
Stocks also make money through cash dividends some companies pay shareholders.
These dividends reflect the corporation's profits in the long run; as
profits increase, corporations often increase cash dividends. The
rate paid is sometimes as high or higher than is available from alternative
investments which lack the potentialfor growth of stocks.
21.What are the risks involved with buying stocks?
Buying individual stocks probably is too risky. but the risks goes down
as the number of stocks owned increases; you're less and less subject
to random, unpredictable, events. That's one of the advantages of
investing in stocks through mutual funds; no single stock usually represents
as much as 5% of a fund's value. The risk in stocks also varies
with the kind of company. In general, older, larger companies paying
big Dividends represent less risk (and less potential reward) than younger,
newer companies. Different mutual funds invest in different kinds
of companies. Risk also is a function of time. Historically,
as a group, both larger and smaller stocks have made money over any 20-year
period since 1926.
22. How do investments in bonds and other debt instruments provide
income for the funds that invest in these instruments? Debt
securities, such as bonds, usually pay interest on a regular basis, just
as people do with mortgages. The interest paid is established when
debt is originally issued. That rate reflects (1) the quality of
the debt - as judged by independent rating services as to how likely it
is the money will really be repaid; (2) the length of time for which the
money is borrowed - usually, it costs more to borrow for a longer period,
and (3) the level of interest rates at the time - for example, today interest
rates are low, so debt carries a lower rate than a couple of years ago.
The value of a debt security can go up (or down) as any of those things
change. Most often, the interest rate level changes. If interest
rates increase, debt issued at today's rates will be less valuable; why
would people accept 6% when they could get, say 10%? Similarly,
if interest rates decrease, debt issued at today's rates will be more
valuable.
23. What are open-end funds? The typical mutual fund
is an open-end fund. Open-end means that the Fund will sell as many
shares as investors want. You can't trade shares of open-end funds
in the stock market. You can only buy or sell them through the mutual
fund company itself. Finding a buyer for your shares, however is
not a problem; every fund is required to buy back your shares immediately
upon your request. All mutual funds listed in The Wall Street Journal's
Mutual Funds quotation table are open-end funds. Off-shore funds
are quoted in the Financial Times-London.
24. Who runs the Mutual Fund? Investment companies,
brokerage houses and some financial Institutions operate mutual funds.
And, although they're legally prohibited from operating funds themselves,
many banks also offer their customers the opportunity to invest through
affiliations with mutual fund companies.
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